Substructure Help

Auto Centrifugal Load Generation

Centrifugal load can be generated from two locations in the program.

First is the generation from Centrifugal load case dialog. Secondly it can be generated along with Live load generation. When centrifugal load is generated from its own load case, only one load case is generated by the program. When the centrifugal load is generated along with the live load generation, program generates same number of CF/CE cases as it generates live load cases. For this case, every CF/CE case is generated for same number of live load lanes loaded as in the live load case. For example, if program generates 5 live load cases, it will generate 5 CF/CE cases. If the first live load case generated is based on two lanes loaded simultaneously, then first CF/CE case will also have two lanes loaded.

C=WV2/12.95 R

where
W
=
live load in kN for wheel loads or kN/m for udl
V
=
design speed in km/hr
R
=
Radius of curvature in m

No impact load is considered.

Acts normal to the traffic direction at:

  1. Acts at a height of 1200 mm above the level of the carriageway. ( D. Johnson Victor, page 50)
  2. Uniformly distributed over every meter length on which UDL acts.
where
C
=
the centrifugal force in percentage of Live Load, without impact
S
=
the design speed in miles per hour
R
=
the radius of curve in ft

The total centrifugal load is distributed among all the bearings/girder as bearing/girder loads. The moment about the X axis is applied at cap load and the moment computed about Z axis is applied as a force couple in Y direction at exterior bearings. If the pier is non-integral and there are two bearing lines, half of the force is distributed on bearings in each bearing line. For skewed bridges, Substructure resolves the load into X and Z resulting in bearing loads in both X and Z directions of the pier.

This generation internally accounts for the skew in selected pier view direction and then generates loads as per the view direction. If the pier view direction is switched, previously generated loads are converted and generation direction of load is also adjusted.